西安石油大学学报（社会科学版）

冯友兰依据觉解程度的高低，把人的境界分为自然境界、功利境界、道德境界和天地境界，觉解程度最高的是天地境界。天地境界是对实际事物进行逻辑分析后所得到的关于天地宇宙与自身关系的切实感受，是冯友兰为人们寻找的新的“安身立命之地”。与宗教相比，天地境界既满足了人的超越性的精神诉求，又更具理性的特征，所达到的境界层次更高、内容更纯粹，实现途径也更加简易直接。因此，冯友兰认为，用哲学代替宗教，不仅具有理论的可行性，还具有现实的必要性。处于天地境界中的人即是圣人，冯友兰希望利用圣人制礼作乐的传统，使新理学成为社会体制建设的一部分，从而提升整个社会的精神境界。人生境界说提高了民族文化自信心，有利于树立正确的人生价值观，但是忽略了对道德主体的考量，主体性的价值自觉难以保证，同时，对宗教的过分批评也存在片面化的问题。

Feng Youlan classified human realms into the natural realm, the utilitarian realm, the moral realm and the realm of heaven and earth based on the degree of understanding.The realm with the highest degree of understanding is the realm of heaven and earth.The realm of heaven and earth is a genuine perception of the relationship between the universe and oneself obtained after logical analysis of actual things.It is the new "place to settle down and make a living" that Feng Youlan has sought for people.Compared with religion, the realm of heaven and earth not only satisfies people's transcendent spiritual demands, but also has more rational characteristics.The realm achieved is of a higher level, purer in content, and the realization path is simpler and more direct.Therefore, Feng Youlan believed that it was not only theoretically feasible but also practically necessary to replace religion with philosophy.People in the realm of heaven and earth were saints.Feng Youlan hoped to make use of the tradition of making rites and making music by saints to make the New Neo-Confucianism a part of the construction of social system, so as to enhance the spiritual realm of the whole society.The theory of life boundary has improved the self-confidence of national culture and is conducive to the establishment of correct values of life, but it ignores the consideration of the moral subject, and the value consciousness of the subject is difficult to ensure.At the same time, the excessive criticism of religion also has the problem of one-side.